The Advaita and Buddhist Traps of Binary Thinking
The Advaita and Buddhist Traps of Binary Thinking Binary thinking splits the world into opposites—true or false, real or unreal, self or no-self. We try
Ramana Maharshi, one of the most revered spiritual figures of modern India, passed away on 14 April 1950. His death wasn’t seen as an end but as a moment of union with the eternal truth he always spoke about. Ramana, who taught that the self is indestructible and beyond the physical, approached his own death with unwavering serenity.
The cause of Ramana Maharshi’s death was sarcoma, a rare and aggressive form of cancer that affected his left arm. The first signs appeared in late 1948 as a small lump, which soon turned malignant. Doctors advised immediate surgery, and despite his reluctance, Ramana agreed for the sake of his devotees, who were deeply concerned about his health. However, the cancer returned several times, even after multiple surgeries and treatments, including radium therapy. Eventually, Ramana chose to stop all interventions, declaring that the body would follow its natural course.
At the time of his death, Ramana was 70 years old. He had spent the majority of his life in meditation, teaching, and guiding others at the foot of Arunachala Hill in Tamil Nadu. Despite the physical pain caused by his illness, Sri Raman displayed no fear or complaint. His unshakeable calmness inspired all who were near him.
As his body weakened, the number of devotees visiting him only grew. Thousands of people travelled from around the world to see him in his final days, hoping for a glimpse of his radiant presence. Ramana Mahrshi met these visitors with the same kindness and attentiveness he always had, even though he was visibly in pain. This showed his profound compassion and ability to remain centred in the Self, beyond the suffering of the physical form.
Sri Ramana’s detachment from his body was extraordinary. He often reminded those around him, “The body is like a worn-out garment—it is not who I am.” He refused to identify with the pain or the disease, which further reinforced the essence of his teachings: that the Self is beyond birth and death.
His passing became a moment of deep significance for his followers. The death of such a luminary wasn’t mourned as a loss but celebrated as a final demonstration of his teachings in practice. The devotees who were present experienced a profound stillness, and many reported a sense of his continued presence even after his body ceased to function.
The final days of Ramana Maharshi were marked by physical decline but spiritual radiance. Despite the cancer that ravaged his body, he continued to exude peace and grace. Those who attended to him during these days bore witness to his immense detachment and his compassion for those around him.
As news of his deteriorating health spread, crowds began to gather at the Arunachala Ashram. Devotees from all over India and beyond came to pay their respects and seek his blessings one last time. The ashram was filled with an air of devotion and reverence, with people chanting, meditating, and waiting patiently to see the master. Ramana, although visibly weak, continued to meet with visitors. His attendants would often plead with him to rest, but he would respond, “How can I deny them? They have travelled so far.”
Despite his frail condition, Raman Maharshi remained in high spirits. He would occasionally joke with his attendants or share quiet words of wisdom. His presence was enough to soothe the hearts of those who visited. Many devotees remarked that even as his body deteriorated, his face remained radiant, as though untouched by the suffering he endured.
In the final weeks, Ramana’s body grew weaker, and he was confined to his cot. The cancerous tumour had caused significant pain, but he never allowed it to disturb his inner tranquillity. When asked how he could remain so calm, he would reply that the body and its ailments were separate from the true Self. For Ramana, there was no “death” in the way people understood it; the Self, which is pure consciousness, neither comes nor goes.
On the evening of 14 April 1950, as Ramana’s physical condition worsened, a large crowd had gathered outside the ashram. Inside, a group of close devotees and attendants stayed by his side, chanting “Om Namo Bhagavate Sri Ramanaya” in unison. As the chants grew louder, Ramana’s breathing slowed. He opened his eyes briefly and looked at those gathered around him. Then, in a moment of deep stillness, his breathing stopped, and his head gently tilted to one side.
At the exact moment of his passing, many devotees outside reported seeing a bright star-like light streak across the sky and disappear into the Arunachala Hill. This phenomenon was interpreted as Ramana’s final merging with the eternal Arunachala, which he had always considered his spiritual home.
In the final hours before his death, Ramana Maharshi left behind a message that resonated deeply with his followers. When asked by a devotee how they should cope with his impending passing, he replied calmly, “They say I am going away, but where can I go? I am here.” These simple yet profound words encapsulated the essence of his teachings.
To Ramana, the Self—the true essence of every being—was eternal and unchanging. He taught that the physical body was merely a temporary vessel, like a wave rising and falling in the ocean. His last words weren’t meant to comfort in a conventional sense but to remind everyone that his presence, like the Self, transcended the body.
The phrase “I am here” reflects the unity of all existence. Ramana had often said that separation was an illusion created by the mind, and his final statement was a clear affirmation of this truth. For those grieving his loss, it was a reminder that the guru’s presence was not tied to his physical form.
In the days leading up to his passing, Ramana had maintained a deep stillness, as though he was already beyond the confines of his body. Even as cancer caused intense physical pain, he never expressed distress or fear. This acceptance and detachment were a direct embodiment of his philosophy. His final words, spoken with clarity and conviction, served as a beacon for devotees to understand and embrace the impermanence of life.
“I am here” was not just a reassurance but an invitation for seekers to explore their own inner awareness, where Ramana believed all answers could be found.
Even today, his last words are frequently quoted by devotees and spiritual seekers alike. They serve as a reminder that death, as we perceive it, is not the end but a transition—a return to the timeless essence that is our true nature.
His insights into death were deeply rooted in his own spiritual awakening as a teenager, when he underwent a powerful death experience. He had felt his body grow lifeless, but his consciousness remained fully aware. That experience had led him to the realisation that he was not the body or the mind but the formless awareness behind them.
This understanding shaped how he approached his own passing. In his final days, Ramana showed no signs of resistance or fear, even as his body weakened. Instead, he embraced the process with grace, viewing it as a natural culmination of his earthly existence. For him, the pain and decay of the physical form were insignificant compared to the infinite, unchanging reality of the Self.
The moments surrounding his death were filled with a sense of the miraculous. Many devotees present at the ashram reported seeing a brilliant light moving across the sky at the exact time of his passing. This phenomenon was interpreted as Ramana’s spirit merging with the sacred Arunachala Hill, which he had always revered as a physical manifestation of divine truth. Many reported a heightened sense of his presence even after his physical form had ceased to exist.
Ramana had often said that the fear of death stemmed from identification with the body and the ego. He urged his followers to practise self-inquiry, a method of questioning the “I” thought that underpins this fear. By understanding that the ego is an illusion, he said, one could transcend the fear of death and realise the truth of one’s immortal nature.
The death of Ramana Maharshi left a legacy that continues to inspire countless seekers. His life, and the way he embraced its end, served as a living example of his teachings on self-realisation. Through his death experience, he offered not just a lesson but a path—a way of understanding and transcending the fear that holds so many back from discovering the truth of who they are.
Ramana Maharshi’s passing on 14 April 1950 marked the end of his physical journey. His funeral, held at the Arunachala Ashram, drew an overwhelming number of devotees from across India and the world. The atmosphere was charged with both sadness and a sense of profound peace, as those who had come to pay their respects knew they were witnessing the culmination of a life devoted to truth.
The body of Ramana Maharshi was bathed and adorned with traditional garlands before being placed in a simple wooden casket. Devotees and monks took turns performing rituals while chanting sacred hymns. The reverence with which the ceremonies were conducted mirrored the immense respect Ramana had garnered throughout his life.
The procession that followed was remarkable. A sea of devotees accompanied the casket as it made its way to the burial site within the ashram grounds. Chanting of “Om Namo Bhagavate Sri Ramanaya” filled the air, creating an atmosphere that felt both solemn and sacred. The Arunachala Hill, which Ramana had often referred to as his spiritual heart, loomed in the background, giving the event an otherworldly significance.
In keeping with tradition, Ramana’s body was interred in a samadhi (a burial site for realised beings). A shrine was constructed over the spot, which remains a central place of worship and meditation at the ashram. Devotees believe that Ramana’s presence continues to radiate from the shrine, and it has since become a pilgrimage site for seekers from around the globe.
Ramana Maharshi’s teachings, which emphasise simplicity and direct experience, remain a guiding light for seekers of truth. His message—that the Self is eternal and that realising it is the key to liberation—transcends cultural and religious boundaries.
The Arunachala Ashram, where Ramana lived and taught for most of his life, has become a hub for spiritual exploration. Pilgrims from around the world visit the ashram to meditate, study his teachings, and walk around Arunachala Hill, which Ramana described as the spiritual centre of the universe. The peace and stillness of the ashram reflect the essence of his teachings, offering visitors a space to turn inward and reflect on their true nature.
Ramana’s influence isn’t confined to the ashram. His teachings have inspired countless spiritual movements and thinkers worldwide. From Advaita Vedanta practitioners to modern mindfulness advocates, his emphasis on self-inquiry and detachment from the ego resonates with seekers from all walks of life. His life has been chronicled in books, documentaries, and spiritual discourses, ensuring that his wisdom reaches new generations.
For those who have encountered Ramana’s teachings, his life serves as a model of how to live with awareness, peace, and humility. His ability to face death with grace and detachment is a lesson that continues to inspire. In a world often consumed by fear and uncertainty, his reminder that the Self is indestructible offers a source of comfort and strength.
Today, Ramana Maharshi is remembered not just as a spiritual teacher but as a beacon of truth. His simple yet profound insights continue to guide seekers on their journeys. For those who visit his ashram or study his words, Ramana remains very much alive—not as a physical presence but as an eternal source of wisdom and peace.
In the stillness of Arunachala Hill, Ramana Maharshi’s presence remains, inviting all who seek to turn inward and discover the eternal Self. His life, death, and teachings form a legacy that transcends the boundaries of life itself, guiding countless seekers toward the light of truth.
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